A critical survey of technologies of large offshore wind farm integration: summary, advances, and perspectives

Abstract Offshore wind farms (OWFs) have received widespread attention for their abundant unexploited energy potential and convenient locations conditions. They are rapidly developing towards having large capacity being located further away from shore. It is thus necessary to explore effective power transmission technologies connect OWFs onshore grids. At present, three types of been proposed OWF integration. are: high voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission, direct (HVDC) low-frequency (LFAC) or fractional frequency transmission. This work undertakes a comprehensive review grid connection Compared with previous reviews, more exhaustive summary provided elaborate HVAC, LFAC, five HVDC topologies, consisting line-commutated converter HVDC, source hybrid-HVDC, diode rectifier-based all DC systems. The fault ride-through the schemes also presented in detail provide research references guidelines researchers. In addition, evaluation seven based on eight specific indicators. Finally, conclusions six perspectives outlined future integrating OWFs.